JPSBR: Vol 3: Issue 2

ABSTRACT: The term superbug is a nonspecific word that is used to describe any microorganism that is resistant to at least one or more commonly used antibiotics. MRSA is “Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus “is a bacterium that is resistant to a synthetic penicillin- methicillin. MRSA causes a variety of disseminated, lethal infections in humans. MRSA has the ability to easily transfer resistant genes to other species directly and indirectly. Overuse of antibiotics imposes selective pressures which mediates the acquisition of resistance. MRSA has been a major concern in hospital-based institutions for many years. Now “Community acquired MRSA” has become a health concern for everyone. 100,000 people are hospitalized each year with MRSA infections. Staph aureus bacteria are commonly carried on the skin or in the noses of healthy people. The one cannot get rid of MRSA; can only control it.MRSA frequently lives harmlessly on skin surfaces of the mouth, genitalia and rectum. The study showed a 17% drop in invasive MRSA infections that were diagnosed before hospital admissions (community onset) in people with recent exposures to healthcare settings. Keywords: super bug, MRSA, community, hospital, emerging infection.

ABSTRACT: Novel Drug Delivery System in the field of medicine had taken a popular attention now aday as it makes the intake, bioavaibility and overall therapeutics of a drug easier and in short period of time. In current herbal drugs have been widely used because of their less side effects, cost effectiveness and easy availability. Current review deals one of the herbal Novel Drug Delivery System i.e. Phytolipid Delivery System. It is also call Phytosome. Phytosomes are little cell like structure contain the active ingredients of the herb bounded to phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine. The phospholipid molecular structure includes a water-soluble head and two fat-soluble tails. Because of this dual solubility, the phospholipids act as an effective emulsifierwhich producing a lipid compatible molecular complex. Phytosomes are herbal formulation which has enhanced the therapeutic effect of the plant extracts and herbal lead molecule by increasing bioavaibility in the target site compared to conventional herbal extract. These drug-phospholipid complexes can be formulated in the form of solution, suspension, emulsion, syrup, lotion, gel, cream, aqueous microdispersion, capsule, powder, granules and chewable tablet. Keywords: Phytosome,Phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, Bioavaibility.

ABSTRACT: The investigation was concerned with design and characterization of oral immediate release tablets of Anti allergic drug, in order to improve efficacy and better patient compliance. The API is selective 2 ^nd generation, non sedative, Histamine H1 receptor blocker. The API has become first line drug in the pharmacotherapy of allergic rhinitis. This is because the drug possesses tolerability and safety advantages over the Histamine H1 receptor blocker. The aim was to formulate various formulations of immediate release tablet of Anti allergic drug using different disintegrant and superdisintegrants (Sodium Starch Glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium) and by using different methods dry granulation and wet granulation. The drug-excipients interaction was investigated by FTIR showed no interaction of API with excipients. The granules and tablets of API were evaluated for various pre and post compression parameters like Angle of repose, Compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio, Tablet hardness, Friability, Weight variation, Drug content and invitro dissolution. Their results were found satisfactory. The invitro dissolution studies show the release in the following order of superdisintegrants: Croscarmellose > Sodium Starch Glycolate. Maximum in vitro dissolution was found to be with Formulation F8 and it clearly shows due to optimum concentration (4% _w/w ) of Croscarmellose sodium and optimum concentration 2.5%w/w povidone. Based on linearity, the drug release data fit well to Higuchi equation plot (r ² = 0.915) indicating the diffusion rate limited drug release from tablet formulation. Drug release mechanism in all media (pH1.2, pH4.0, pH6.8, water) was found as diffusion controlled (i.e., n value- 0.219 to 0.042). Higuchi square root law which indicates that the drug release follows diffusion release mechanism. Accelerated stability study was onducted as per ICH guidelines for 1 month. Developed formulation was stable for 1 month as compared to initial and innovator product from similarity factor f2 of invitro drug release study. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Sodium Starch Glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium.

ABSTRACT: The most important drug delivery route is undoubtedly the oral route. It offers advantages of convenience of administration and potential manufacturing cost savings. Drugs that are administered orally, solid oral dosage forms in general and tablets in particular represent the preferred class of product. Today drug delivery companies are focusing on solid oral drug delivery systems that offer greater patient compliance and effective dosages. Since the development cost of a new drug molecule is very high, efforts are now being made by pharmaceutical companies to focus on the development of new drug dosage forms for existing drugs with improved safety and efficacy together with reduced dosing frequency and the production of more cost effective dosage forms . To fulfill these medical needs, pharmaceutical technologists have developed a novel oral dosage form known as Orally Disintegrating Tablets which disintegrate rapidly in saliva without the need to take it with water. In any solid dosage forms, an important variable is the rate at which the active substance goes into solution or dissolves to reach the systemic circulation. Dissolution of the active substance is essential for it to be absorbed through the biological membranes into systemic circulation for eliciting its desired pharmacological activity. The most important role of a drug delivery system is to get the drug “delivered” to the site of action in sufficient amount and at the appropriate rate. Keywords: Melt in mouth tablet (MMT), orally disintegrating tablets, Proton Pump Inhibitors

ABSTRACT: The core tablet of topiramate was prepared using wet granulation containing CCS Na,MCC,DPA,Povidone k30. Opadry White was used for coating the core tablets. Total 16 batches were formulated.In that last 6 batches were optimized by process parameters like kneading time, lubrication time and by sizing.These formulations were evaluated for physical parameters of tablet, drug-excipient compatibility study, and in- vitro drug release study.The optimize formulation F8 release profile was match with marketed formulation and release rate was maximum than other batches.Stability study of the optimized formulation indicates no significant differences in release profile and drug content after a period of one to three month.Immediate release dosage form of API was formulated using Croscarmellose Sodium as superdisintegrant. Among all the formulations, F8 formulation was finally optimized. It is fulfilling all the parameters satisfactorily. It has shown excellent thickness, hardness, in vitro disintegration and in vitro dissolution. Keywords: API ,Croscarmellosesodium,Immediate release, Opadry white.

ABSTRACT: Candesartan cilexetil is prodrug of candesartan. It is a non-peptide angiotensin П type-І (ATІ) receptor antagonist which is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. The aim of this research was to formulate a stable as well as robust dosage form. Candesartan cilexetil show extensive first pass metabolism and less bioavailability. Candesartan cilexetil having low solubility and has half-life of 9 hrs suggest its suitability for a immediate release formulation. The basic objective was to develop a generic version of anti- hypertensive tablet in line with the innovator. A generic version of tablet was developed that is safe, efficacious and bioequivalent to the reference product. The compatibility study of drug with excipients was studied by FTIR spectroscopy. It shows that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and excipients. Immediate release tablets were prepared by top spray granulation method by using carmellose calcium as superdisintegrant and PEG as stabilizer and HPC as binder. Prepared tablets showed acceptable IPQC parameters and were evaluated for in vitro drug release. Optimized batch (Batch F10) gave desired results in terms of % drug release after 15-30 min in pH=6.8 and in pH=1.2, it gives <50% release. Similarity factor were calculated for all formulations and it shows that the values of similarity factor (f ₂ ) for the batch F010 showed maximum value (89.83 and 73.66 respectively). Stability study of optimized batch was carried out at 45 ± 2 ⁰ C and 75 ± 5 % RH for one month in a PVDC-PVC aclar blisterpackaing and it was found that there was no statistically significant difference found in invitro drug release before and after stability study. Keywords: Angiotensin П type-І (ATІ) receptor antagonist, Top spray granulation, Candesartan Cilexetil, Immediate release tablet,carmellose calcium as superdisintegrant.